Monopoly[edit]
Throughout most of the 20th century, AT&T held a monopoly on phone service in the United States and Canada through a network of companies called the Bell System. At this time, the company was nicknamed Ma Bell.
On April 30, 1907, Theodore Newton Vail became President of AT&T.[11][12] Vail believed in the superiority of one phone system and AT&T adopted the slogan "One Policy, One System, Universal Service."[11][12] This would be the company's philosophy for the next 70 years.[12]
Under Vail, AT&T began buying up many of the smaller telephone companies including Western Union telegraph.[11][12] These actions brought unwanted attention from antitrust regulators. Anxious to avoid action from government antitrust suits, AT&T and the federal government entered into an agreement known as the Kingsbury Commitment.[11][12] In the Kingsbury Commitment, AT&T and the government reached an agreement that allowed AT&T to continue operating as a monopoly. While AT&T periodically faced scrutiny from regulators, this state of affairs continued until the company's breakup in 1984.
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